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网络信息是电脑网络信息安全检查中的一块重要内容#xff0c;Linux和基于Linux的操作系统#xff0c;提供了很多的网络命令#xff0c;今天我们研究tracepath命令。
Tracepath 在大多数 Linux 发行版中都是可用的。如果在你的系统中没有预装#xff0c;请根据你的…
0 前言
网络信息是电脑网络信息安全检查中的一块重要内容Linux和基于Linux的操作系统提供了很多的网络命令今天我们研究tracepath命令。
Tracepath 在大多数 Linux 发行版中都是可用的。如果在你的系统中没有预装请根据你的发行版使用下面的命令进行安装。
Windows中没有tracepath命令。
1 tracepath命令 的功能、格式和选项说明
1.1 tracepath命令 的功能
tracepath命令的功能是追踪数据包的路由信息它可以追踪并显示数据包到达目的主机所经过的路由信息以及对应的MTU值。
tracepath 与 traceroute 类似用于确定数据包访问目的地所经历的路由路径。
Tracepath 特别适用于没有 root 权限的用户因为它不需要特权即可运行。
1.2 tracepath命令 的格式
跟ping命令一样我们可以使用 tracepath 或 tracepath -?命令获取ping命令的格式信息。 tracepath不支持 --?选项。
[purpleendurer bash ~] tracepath
Usage: tracepath [-n] [-b] [-l len] [-p port] destination
[purpleendurer bash ~] tracepath -?
Usage: tracepath [-n] [-b] [-l len] [-p port] destination
[purpleendurer bash ~] tracepath --?
tracepath: invalid option -- -
Usage: tracepath [-n] [-b] [-l len] [-p port] destination
[purpleendurer bash ~] tracepath [-n] [-b] [-l 最大路径长度] [-p 端口号] 目标域名或IP地址 1.3 tracepath命令选项说明
与ping命令相比tracepath的命令不算多。
不过不同版本的Linux提供的tracepath命令选项不尽相同。
选项说明-n输出数字格式的地址-b输出回程路径-l 最大路径长度设置最大路径长度-m 最大TTL值设置查询的最大TTL值-p 端口号设置UDP端口号-V显示版本信息
2 tracepath命令实例
2.1 tracepath g.cn
[purpleendurer bash ~] tracepath g.cn1?: [LOCALHOST] pmtu 15001: 26.10.178.42 2.037ms 1: 26.10.178.42 2.238ms 2: 11.73.57.238 1.986ms 3: 11.73.37.65 1.852ms 4: 11.73.49.81 3.004ms 5: 10.222.215.161 2.377ms 6: 10.54.171.129 3.831ms 7: 10.102.154.246 4.610ms asymm 6 8: no reply9: no reply
10: 61.149.190.38 5.299ms asymm 9
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[purpleendurer bash ~] 命令返回信息中的PMTU Path Maximum Transmission Unit数据通信网络中发现路径最大传输单元是优化网络性能的关键技术之一。PMTU决定了数据在网络中传输的最大数据包大小 。
2.2 tracepath -b g.cn 输出回程路径
[purpleendurer bash ~] tracepath -b g.cn1?: [LOCALHOST] pmtu 15001: 26.10.178.42 (26.10.178.42) 2.308ms 2: 11.73.56.206 (11.73.56.206) 1.952ms 3: 11.73.31.193 (11.73.31.193) 2.034ms 4: 11.73.48.73 (11.73.48.73) 2.678ms 5: 10.222.214.217 (10.222.214.217) 15.309ms 6: 10.54.171.141 (10.54.171.141) 3.707ms 7: 10.102.154.222 (10.102.154.222) 4.003ms 8: no reply9: no reply
10: 114.243.132.194 (114.243.132.194) 5.394ms asymm 9
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[purpleendurer bash ~] 2.3 tracepath -l 512 g.cn设置最大路径长度为512
[purpleendurer bash ~] tracepath -l 512 g.cn1: 26.10.178.42 2.625ms 2: 11.73.56.206 1.956ms 3: 11.73.37.161 1.943ms 4: 11.73.50.209 3.318ms 5: 10.222.214.241 3.257ms 6: 11.94.197.101 3.779ms asymm 7 7: 116.251.112.161 4.019ms asymm 6 8: no reply9: no reply
10: 114.243.132.194 5.299ms asymm 9
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[purpleendurer bash ~] 2.4 tracepath -p 80 g.cn使用UDP 80端口
[purpleendurer bash ~] tracepath -p 80 g.cn1?: [LOCALHOST] pmtu 15001: 26.10.178.42 2.337ms 1: 26.10.178.42 2.357ms 2: 11.73.56.78 1.909ms 3: 11.73.36.129 1.877ms 4: 11.73.43.185 2.385ms 5: 10.222.214.193 2.221ms 6: 10.54.171.221 3.892ms 7: 116.251.112.157 3.971ms asymm 6 8: no reply9: 125.33.184.177 4.492ms asymm 8
10: 114.243.132.194 4.819ms asymm 9
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[purpleendurer bash ~] 2.5 tracepath -n g.cn 输出数字格式的地址
[purpleendurer bash ~] tracepath -n g.cn1?: [LOCALHOST] pmtu 15001: 26.10.178.42 2.073ms 1: 26.10.178.42 2.068ms 2: 11.73.57.174 1.826ms 3: 11.73.32.57 2.603ms 4: 11.73.52.81 2.285ms 5: 10.222.215.113 2.359ms 6: 10.54.171.141 3.860ms 7: 10.102.154.234 3.791ms 8: no reply9: no reply
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30: no replyToo many hops: pmtu 1500Resume: pmtu 1500
[purpleendurer bash ~]
